A guide to the interdisciplinary fields of nanomaterials, sensors, and biotechnology, this book demonstrates functional applications of nanotechnology in diverse areas such as environmental sensing and space habitation, medical diagnostics, and tissue regeneration. With a focus on novel materials synthesis, such as using the nanomanufacturing technique of electrospinning to get the longest nanowires possible, a correlation is made of the effect of chemical, structural, and morphological features to achieve extreme materials functionality. This book serves as a manual to nanotechnology for novices and experts alike, from the materials scientist to the biophysicist, bioengineer, and medical scientist.