in dna arrays: methods and protocols, jang rampal and a authoritative panel of researchers, engineers, and technologists explain in detail how to design and construct dna microarrays, as well as how to hybridize them with biological samples for analysis. in step-by-step instructions, these experts detail not only how to attach or print arrays on various matrices, but also biological sample preparation (dna and rna), hybridization conditions, signal detection, probe optimization, different printing technologies, and data collection and analysis (bioinformatics). additional topics covered include genotyping, sequencing by hybridization, antisense reagents, hla-dqa typing techniques, and gene expression analysis. forward-looking and state-of-the-art, dna arrays: methods and protocols provides all investigators engaged in biological and biomedical research the full range of effective, readily reproducible microarray techniques needed to analyze on a large scale the many different genes and gene sequences now available from the human genome project.