Since the turn of the millennium, European societies have been shaken by the re-emergence of religion as a contested factor in public life. Using approaches from sociology, media and religious studies, David Herbert compares recent public controversies involving or implicating religion in the UK (England and Northern Ireland), the Netherlands and France. Has there been a return of public religion? Is self-segregation the cause of community tensions and what is the role of the media in shaping public attitudes to religion? He argues that the declining importance of religion for the majority of European,s compared with its ongoing and adapting importance for some from minority and immigrant populations, calls for careful policy responses. Religion can and already has been exploited to produce social polarization, especially in the presence of negative and stereotyped media representations.