Canadians have a right to live in cities that meet their basic needs in a dignified way, but in recent decades increased inequality and polarization have been reshaping the social landscape of Canada’s metropolitan areas, changing neigbourhoods and negatively affecting the lived realities of increasingly diverse urban populations. This book examines the dimensions and impacts of increased economic inequality and urban socio-spatial polarization since the 1980s. Based on the work of the Neighbourhood Change Research Partnership, an innovative national comparative study of seven cities (Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Winnipeg, Hamilton, and Halifax), the authors reveal the dynamics of neighbourhood change across the Canadian urban system. By mapping average income trends across neighbourhoods, they show the kinds of factors – social, economic, and cultural – that influenced residential options and redistributed concentrations of poverty and affluence. While the heart of the book lies in the project’s findings from each city, other chapter provide important context. The first three chapters discuss the trends, theories, and methodological puzzles that motivated the research and guided its development. The final two chapters offer reflections on lessons learned from the research and the implications for theory and practice. Taken together, they offer important understandings of the depth and the breadth of the problem at hand and signal the urgency for concerted policy responses in the decades to come.