L,a, ,h,i,s,t,o,r,i,a, ,d,e,l, ,p,e,n,s,a,m,i,e,n,t,o, ,o,c,c,i,d,e,n,t,a,l, ,y, ,s,u, ,i,n,f,l,u,e,n,c,i,a, ,e,n, ,l,a, ,m,e,t,a,f,í,s,i,c,a,,, ,l,a, ,c,i,e,n,c,i,a,,, ,l,a, ,e,s,t,é,t,i,c,a,,, ,l,a, ,é,t,i,c,a, ,y, ,l,a, ,p,o,l,í,t,i,c,a,., ,D,e,s,d,e, ,P,l,a,t,ó,n, ,y, ,A,r,i,s,t,ó,t,e,l,e,s,,, ,D,e,s,c,a,r,t,e,s,,, ,K,a,n,t,,, ,M,a,r,x,,, ,N,i,e,t,z,s,c,h,e, ,o, ,S,c,h,o,p,e,n,h,a,u,e,r,,, ,h,a,s,t,a, ,e,l, ,s,i,g,l,o, ,X,X, ,c,o,n, ,l,a, ,p,o,s,m,o,d,e,r,n,i,d,a,d,,, ,e,l, ,p,r,a,g,m,a,t,i,s,m,o, ,y, ,f,i,l,o,s,o,f,í,a, ,a,n,a,l,í,t,i,c,a,., ,U,n,a, ,r,e,v,i,s,i,ó,n, ,a,c,t,u,a,l,i,z,a,d,a, ,d,e, ,l,a,s, ,p,r,o,p,u,e,s,t,a,s, ,f,i,l,o,s,ó,f,i,c,a,s, ,e,s,e,n,c,i,a,l,e,s,.,B,r,e,v,e, ,H,i,s,t,o,r,i,a, ,d,e, ,l,a, ,F,i,l,o,s,o,f,í,a, ,o,c,c,i,d,e,n,t,a,l, ,o,f,r,e,c,e, ,u,n, ,r,e,c,o,r,r,i,d,o, ,a,m,p,l,i,o, ,p,o,r, ,e,l, ,m,u,n,d,o, ,d,e,l, ,p,e,n,s,a,m,i,e,n,t,o, ,o,c,c,i,d,e,n,t,a,l,,, ,h,a,c,i,e,n,d,o, ,h,i,n,c,a,p,i,é, ,e,n, ,l,o,s, ,d,i,s,t,i,n,t,o,s, ,s,i,s,t,e,m,a,s, ,f,i,l,o,s,ó,f,i,c,o,s, ,q,u,e, ,s,e, ,c,o,n,o,c,e,n, ,p,o,r, ,s,u, ,g,r,a,n, ,i,n,f,l,u,e,n,c,i,a, ,e,n, ,o,t,r,a,s, ,r,a,m,a,s, ,d,e,l, ,s,a,b,e,r,., ,O,f,r,e,c,e, ,u,n,a, ,n,u,e,v,a, ,r,e,v,i,s,i,ó,n, ,d,e, ,u,n, ,t,e,m,a, ,q,u,e, ,p,u,e,d,e, ,s,e,r, ,c,o,n,o,c,i,d,o, ,p,a,r,a, ,e,l, ,l,e,c,t,o,r,,, ,r,e,l,a,c,i,o,n,a,n,d,o, ,a, ,l,o,s, ,f,i,l,ó,s,o,f,o,s, ,c,o,n, ,s,u, ,é,p,o,c,a, ,y, ,l,a, ,i,m,p,r,e,g,n,a,c,i,ó,n, ,q,u,e, ,e,s,t,a, ,h,a,c,e, ,d,e,l, ,c,o,n,t,e,x,t,o, ,c,u,l,t,u,r,a,l, ,q,u,e, ,l,a, ,c,o,n,f,o,r,m,a,,, ,p,o,n,i,e,n,d,o, ,é,n,f,a,s,i,s, ,e,n, ,l,o,s, ,m,o,m,e,n,t,o,s, ,d,e, ,c,r,i,s,i,s,., ,