current critiques of homeland security measures and programs focus on national level policies and do not differentiate between modes of transportation or infrastructure domains. this book specifically addresses the maritime security environment with proposed measures that will make international trade and maritime transportation more secure while reducing the cost of security. it provides a comprehensive approach to implementing security measures that promote efficiency and more effective preventive measures. finally it makes an economic case for how smart and effective security can increase efficiency and reduces costs. topics covered include: international maritime operating environment; unique characteristics of ports and international shipping, threats to ports and the maritime environment, current approaches to maritime and port security, and principles for effective maritime and port security